Difference between revisions of "Installation/FromScratch"

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As with all Wiki pages, also this page is a work in progress. try to be a big help to the Paparazzi project and improve this page whenever you can. If you have a distribution different from Ubuntu which doesn't satisfy any other dependency and have instructions about compiling it, packaging it, feel free to add any reference on how to do that on this wikipage.
== Intro ==
The goal of this page is to clarify about which version of each piece of software has to be compiled, where to find that software, patches needed to make it compile on Linux 64Bit. This includes compiling all paparazzi-dev, paparazzi-arm7 and paparazzi-bin software on a 64Bit machine, running an Ubuntu Lucid Lynx or later Linux distribution or maybe even OSX. The Text below has it's origins from http://paparazzi.enac.fr/w/index.php?title=User:Roirodriguez and the OpenUAS internal Wiki.
Sometimes you see 'QUESTION:' at the beginning of the lines that represent questions still open, patches unsure to be accurate, etc. This way everyone can improve the page a little easier.
== Paparazzi-dev packages ==
For Ubuntu users, you can install the following packages from standard repository:
=== Ocaml and libraries ===
Ocaml, short for Objective Caml is the most popular variant of the Caml language. The Paparazzi GCS and some of it's tools are crafted in this language.
* ocaml, ocaml-camlimages-devel, ocaml-lablgtk2-devel, ocaml-xml-light-devel
$ sudo aptitude install ocaml libcamlimages-ocaml lablgtk2-ocaml libxml-light-ocaml
=== Boa ===
Lightweight and high performance web server, a single-tasking HTTP server.
$ sudo aptitude install boa
=== Gnome canvas Library ===
The GnomeCanvas is an engine for structured graphics that offers a rich imaging model, high performance rendering, and a powerful, high level API. This widget can be used for flexible display of graphics and for creating interactive user interface elements.
$ sudo aptitude install libgnomecanvas2-0 libgnomecanvas2-dev
=== USB Library ===
The libusb project aims to create a library for use by user level applications to access USB devices regardless of OS. http://www.libusb.org
$ sudo aptitude install libusb-dev
=== Ocaml PCRE ===
This OCaml-library interfaces the PCRE (Perl-compatibility regular expressions) C library. it can be used for matching regular expressions which are written in Perl style.
$ sudo aptitude install libpcre-ocaml libpcre-ocaml-dev
=== Glade Library ===
Libglade is a library that performs a similar job to the C source output routines in the GLADE user interface builder. Whereas GLADE's output routines create C source code that must be compiled, libglade builds the interface from an XML file (GLADE's save format) at runtime. This can allow modifying the user interface without recompiling.
$ sudo aptitude install libglade2-0 libglade2-dev
=== Make ===
GNU Make is an utility which controls the generation of executables and other target files of a program from the program's source files.
$ sudo aptitude install make
=== Build essential ===
$ sudo aptitude install build-essential
=== Subversion Client ===
Subversion, also known as SVN, is a version control system. Version control systems allow many individuals to collaborate on the paparazzi source code. This is needed to retrieve the latest sourcecode from various packages and Paparazzi sourcecode itself.
$ sudo aptitude install subversion
=== GNU Plot ===
A command-line driven interactive plotting program. Unknow if it is used
$ sudo aptitude install gnuplot
=== ImageMagick ===
ImageMagick is a software suite to create, edit, and compose bitmap images. It can read, convert and write images in a variety of formats. Use ImageMagick to translate, flip, mirror, rotate, scale, shear and transform images, adjust image colors, apply various special effects, or draw text, lines, polygons, ellipses and Bézier curves. This pacage is needed for ?
$ sudo aptitude install imagemagick
=== Optional on an older OS ===
If you have an older OS distribution it never hurts to install the following...
$ sudo aptitude install libx11-6 libx11-dev texinfo flex bison libncurses5 libncurses5-dev libncursesw5 libncursesw5-dev zlibc
== Building the ARM cross-toolchain ==
== Building the ARM cross-toolchain ==


Building an ARM cross-toolchain with binutils gcc newlib and gdb from source, see also http://code.google.com/p/hobbycode/source/browse/trunk/gnu-arm-installer
The goal of this part is to building an ARM cross-toolchain with binutils gcc newlib and gdb from source. This is needed so we can compile the code that ends up onto the autopilot board. Newlib is a C library intended for use on embedded systems. It is a conglomeration of several library parts, all under free software licenses that make them easily usable on embedded products.
(REMOVE: where and how to get the latest working versions.... * arm-gp2x-linux-gcc.x * arm-gp2x-linux-binutils.x )


  #!/bin/sh
  #!/bin/sh
Line 146: Line 61:
  cd ..
  cd ..
  rm -rf build $GDB $GDB.tar.bz2
  rm -rf build $GDB $GDB.tar.bz2
=== Newlib ===
Newlib is a C library intended for use on embedded systems. It is a conglomeration of several library parts, all under free software licenses that make them easily usable on embedded products.
== Start with the rest ==
To install the rest we make a special directory "develop". You can give it another name ofcourse.
$ mkdir ~/develop
== LPC21ISP ==
LPC21ISP is an in-circuit programming (ISP) tool for the microcontroller used on the Paparazzi autopilot boards. The lpc21isp project is hosted on sourceforge and one can find the source packages at http://sourceforge.net/projects/lpc21isp/
Get the SVN version via
$ mkdir ~/develop/lpc21isp
$ cd ~/develop/lpc21isp
$ svn co https://lpc21isp.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/lpc21isp lpc21
To compile go into the source directory and then do
$ cd lpc21
$ make -f Makefile clean all
To install
$ sudo cp lpc21isp /usr/bin/
==  IVY ==
IVY is a simple protocol and a set of open-source libraries and programs that allows applications to broadcast information through text messages, with a subscription mechanism based on regular expressions. The project can be found at: http://www2.tls.cena.fr/products/ivy/ 
In the paparazzi project, Ivy is used to send telemetry data to where ever you want.
NOTE: Do not confuse this IVY with the Apache Ivy project.
=== Ivy-python ===
The ivy-python package makes it possible to use the IVY libraries from within the Python programming language. The ivy-python package is architecture independent, so it can be downloaded from the Ubuntu or Debian paparazzi repository. However since this is the from scratch page we will to download it from the official source repository via
$ mkdir ~/develop
$ mkdir ~/develop/ivy-python/
$ cd ~/develop/ivy-python/
$ svn co http://svn.tls.cena.fr/svn/ivy/ivy-python/trunk
Now we can build and install
$ cd ~/develop/ivy-python/trunk
$ sudo ./setup.py install
=== Ivy-c ===
To be able to use IVY-c, the libraries need to be installed. Source packages of ivy-c can be downloaded via:
$ mkdir ~/develop/ivy-c
$ cd ~/develop/ivy-c
$ svn co http://svn.tls.cena.fr/svn/ivy/ivy-c/trunk
To compile
$ cd ~/develop/ivy-c/trunk/src
$ make
It is possible you get errors of the test module when compiling, just ignore the messages, it is not important for the Paparazzi project. Contact the IVY team to help them also to resolve also the testing makefile issue.
Now install the compiled libraries
$ sudo make install
=== Ivy-OCAML ===
The Ivy-ocaml is a Library that make it possible to use Ivy via de Ocaml language.
$ mkdir ~/develop
$ mkdir ~/develop/ivy-ocaml
$ cd ~/develop/ivy-ocaml/
$ svn co http://svn.tls.cena.fr/svn/ivy/ivy-ocaml/trunk
NOTE: If the above SVN repository does not work due ti API incompatibilities get the ivy-ocaml source via
$ wget http://paparazzi.enac.fr/ubuntu/dists/lucid/main/binary-i386/ivy-ocaml_1.1-10.tar.gz
Now we need to compile the source via
$ cd ~/develop/ivy-ocaml/trunk
$ make
Compilation that doesn't work on 64bit systems, if you just run 'make'
/usr/bin/ld: civyloop.o: relocation R_X86_64_32 against `timer_cb' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
That's solved by just editing the Makefile. Change the line containing
.c.o:
        $(CC) -Wall -c $(OCAMLINC) $(GLIBINC) $<
to
.c.o:
        $(CC) -Wall -c -fPIC $(OCAMLINC) $(GLIBINC) $<
TODO:
File a defect to the ivy-ocam development team: A proper patch for the original sources would be one that checks if the system is a 64bit system, and if so set FPIC env variable. The following code at the beginning of the Makefile needs to be added just as it is done in the ivy-c Makefile
PERHAPS64:= $(shell uname -m | perl -ne "print /64/? '64' : '';")''
ifeq ($(PERHAPS64), "64")
        FPIC=
else
        FPIC=-fPIC
endif
And then let the rule to compile all .c and .o files be like the following:
.c.o:
        $(CC) -Wall -c $(FPIC) $(OCAMLINC) $(GLIBINC) $<
== Paparazzi Main sourcecode ==
To run the Grountcontrol station and to be able to create airborne code for the Autopilot board and more one needs to get the Paparazzi source via
$ svn co svn://svn.savannah.nongnu.org/paparazzi/paparazzi3/trunk paparazzi3
Compilation
If you enter the sources directory and simply run ''make'' you will get the following error in an amd64 system:
cd sw/ground_segment/multimon; make PAPARAZZI_SRC=/home/roi/Codigo/paparazzi-dev/lenny_versions/paparazzi/temp PAPARAZZI_HOME=/home/roi/Codigo/paparazzi-dev/lenny_versions/paparazzi/temp
CC hdlc.c
hdlc.c:1: error: CPU you selected does not support x86-64 instruction set
This is because the code in sw/ground_segment/multimon/filter-i386.h which contains optimizations for some functions gets included and it doesn't work on amd64. filter.h says that filter-i386.h gets included if:
#ifdef ARCH_I386
#include "filter-i386.h"
#endif /* ARCH_I386 */
If we take a look to the Makefile (sw/ground_segment/multimon/Makefile):
CFLAGS          =-Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/usr/X11R6/include -I `ocamlc -where`
ifeq ($(DEBUG),y)
CFLAGS          +=-g -O -march=i486 -falign-loops=2 -falign-jumps=2 \
                  -falign-functions=2 -DARCH_I386
else
CFLAGS          +=-O3 -march=i486 -falign-loops=2 -falign-jumps=2 \
                  -falign-functions=2 -DARCH_I386
endif
We'll have to change it to not define ARCH_I386, not optimize for i486 and add -fPIC. So we need to leave the above lines like:
CFLAGS          =-Wall -fPIC -Wstrict-prototypes -I/usr/X11R6/include -I `ocamlc -where`
ifeq ($(DEBUG),y)
CFLAGS          +=-g -O -falign-loops=2 -falign-jumps=2 \
                  -falign-functions=2
else
CFLAGS          +=-O3 -falign-loops=2 -falign-jumps=2 \
                  -falign-functions=2
endif
Note that leaving the sources like this won't apply the optimizations if now you take the modified source and compile it in a 32bit system...
Now it will compile. run paparazzi and test it with a simulation via
$ ./paparazzi
NOTES:
See also the main installation page
TIP:
If you get the File "pprz.mli", line 149, characters 78-89: Error: Unbound type constructor Ivy.binding
...this happens when IVY libraries are not yet installed. How to do this, read the part on installing IVY on this page
=== Set the UDev rules ===
To be able to access the Hardware attached to your PC later on, rules must be set in your OS. By setting the correct rules a regular user can access USB and other devices, otherwise restricted for only the root user.
Cut an paste the text below
#BUS=="usb", SYSFS{serial}=="*_fbw", NAME="test_fbw", SYMLINK="paparazzi/%s{serial}", MODE="0666"
# MaxStream xbee pro box
BUS=="usb", SYSFS{product}=="MaxStream PKG-U", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", SYMLINK+="paparazzi/xbee", GROUP="plugdev"
# bare FTDI chip without EEPROM
BUS=="usb", SYSFS{idVendor}=="0403", SYSFS{idProduct}=="6001", KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", SYMLINK+="paparazzi/serial", GROUP="plugdev"
# all (fake VID 0x7070) LPCUSB devices (access through libusb)
BUS=="usb", SYSFS{idVendor}=="7070", GROUP="plugdev"
# FTDI 2232 parallel converter / Amontec JTAG-Tiny (access through libftdi)
BUS=="usb",  SYSFS{idVendor}=="0403", SYSFS{idProduct}=="cff8", GROUP="plugdev"
# make joysticks/gamepads readable on event interface (writeable for force feedback), see input_event.sh
KERNEL=="event*", IMPORT{program}="input_event.sh %p", NAME="input/%k", GROUP="plugdev", MODE="0640"
ENV{FF_DEVICE}=="1", MODE="0660"
# FTDI UBlox direct on USB
BUS=="usb", SYSFS{idVendor}=="1546", SYSFS{idProduct}=="01a5", KERNEL=="ttyACM*", SYMLINK+="paparazzi/acm", GROUP="plugdev"
Now in a terminal
$ sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/91-paparazzi.rules
Past the text via CTRL+SHIFT+V and save the file via CTRL+X , that's it
== The depriciated -mapcs-32 option ==
The option "-mapcs-32" is only available with very old tool chain versions e.g. GCC-3.3.x. More recent tool chains will either require "-mabi=apcs-gnu" (non-EABI-compliant) or "-mabi=aapcs-linux" (EABI-compliant). To have an overview of all flags go here
http://ecos.sourceware.org/docs-1.3.1/ref/gnupro-ref/arm/ARM_COMBO_ch01.html
By changing -mapcs-32 with -Wa,-mapcs-32 compilation will work with more recent compilers and we have backward compatibility with the old flag for older compilers. The option -Wa,-mapcs-32 is doing the following: ''-Wa,option'' : Pass option as an option to the assembler. If option contains commas, it is split into multiple options at the commas.
The -mapcs-32 option generates code for a processor running with a 32-bit program counter and conforming to the function calling standards for the APCS 32-bit option. If interested in depth what APCS is read the following: http://www.openuas.org/site/APCS.txt
The gcc flag -mapcs-32 was deprecated since gcc-3.4.0 and finally removed in gcc-4.0.0 which unconditionally generates 32bit ARM code. You should not need to pass this flag to the assembler either but it might not hurt for backwards compatibility with older compilers, so it's best to leave it in with the -Wa, option metho
== Useful links ==
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GNU_arm-toolchain
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.5.0/gcc/ARM-Options.html#ARM-Options
http://mcuprogramming.com/forum/arm/gnu-arm-toolchain-installer/
http://code.google.com/p/hobbycode/source/browse/trunk/gnu-arm-installer
http://www.ethernut.de/en/documents/cross-toolchain-osx.html
http://paparazzi.enac.fr/w/index.php?title=User:Roirodriguez
http://www.hermann-uwe.de/blog/building-an-arm-cross-toolchain-with-binutils-gcc-newlib-and-gdb-from-source

Revision as of 01:28, 29 June 2010

Building the ARM cross-toolchain

The goal of this part is to building an ARM cross-toolchain with binutils gcc newlib and gdb from source. This is needed so we can compile the code that ends up onto the autopilot board. Newlib is a C library intended for use on embedded systems. It is a conglomeration of several library parts, all under free software licenses that make them easily usable on embedded products. 

#!/bin/sh

TARGET=arm-none-eabi 		  # Or: TARGET=arm-elf
PREFIX=/tmp/your-arm-toolchain     # Install location of the final toolchain
SPEEDUPCOMPILATION="-j 4"	  # Or: SPEEDUPCOMPILATION=""

BINUTILS=binutils-2.20.1
GCC=gcc-4.4.4
NEWLIB=newlib-1.18.0
GDB=gdb-7.1

export PATH="$PATH:$PREFIX/bin"

mkdir build

wget -c http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/$BINUTILS.tar.bz2
tar xfvj $BINUTILS.tar.bz2 
cd build
../$BINUTILS/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX --enable-interwork --enable-multilib --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --disable-nls
make $COMPILEFASTER
make install
cd ..
rm -rf build/* $BINUTILS $BINUTILS.tar.bz2

wget -c ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/$GCC/$GCC.tar.bz2
tar xfvj $GCC.tar.bz2 
cd build
../$GCC/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX --enable-interwork --enable-multilib --enable-languages="c" --with-newlib --without-headers --disable-shared --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld
make $SPEEDUPCOMPILATION all-gcc
make install-gcc
cd ..
rm -rf build/* $GCC.tar.bz2

wget -c ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/newlib/$NEWLIB.tar.gz
tar xfvz $NEWLIB.tar.gz
cd build
../$NEWLIB/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX --enable-interwork --enable-multilib --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --disable-nls
make $SPEEDUPCOMPILATION
make install
cd ..
rm -rf build/* $NEWLIB $NEWLIB.tar.gz

# GCC needes to be build again including the real newlib now
cd build
../$GCC/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX --enable-interwork --enable-multilib --enable-languages="c,c++" --with-newlib --disable-shared --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld
make $SPEEDUPCOMPILATION
make install
cd ..
rm -rf build/* $GCC

wget -c ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/$GDB.tar.bz2
tar xfvj $GDB.tar.bz2
cd build
../$GDB/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX --enable-interwork --enable-multilib
make $SPEEDUPCOMPILATION
make install
cd ..
rm -rf build $GDB $GDB.tar.bz2
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